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  • Pengertian, Rumus, serta 100 Contoh Infinitive

    Pengertian, Rumus, serta 100 Contoh Infinitive

    Pengertian, Rumus, serta 100 Contoh Infinitive

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    INFINITIVE

                Infinitive dalam struktur kebahasaan (grammar) yakni bentuk kata kerja dasar atau pertama (yang belum terikat dengan pokok kalimat).

    1. Macam-macam Infinitive

    Ada dua macam infinitive, yaitu :

    1. Infinitive dengan to yang sering disebut to infinitive.
    2. Infinitive tanpa to yang disebut dengan bare infinitive.

     

    Pengertian, Rumus, serta 100 Contoh Infinitive
    Pengertian, Rumus, serta 100 Contoh Infinitive

    TO INFINITIVE

    To infinitive merupkan suatu structure untuk membantu perluasan makna (memberi) makna tambahan jika kalimat dasar tidak memenuhi.

    Dilihat dari letaknya dalam kalimat, to infinitive berfungsi sebagai :

    1. Main Verb

    Dalam hal ini (GRAMMAR yang kita gunakan), yakni to infinitive sering digunakandalam penulisan bersama dengan verb to be:  is, are, am, were, was  untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan berupa perintah, atau keinginan, atau juga keharusan yang meupakansimilar expression of modal “must”. Biasanya subjectnya merupakan subject pelaku. To infinitive juga digunakan bersama dengan similar expression of modal yang lain yang be to dan similar expression of modal lainnya seperti be able to, be going to, ought to, (be) used to, have to, be supposed to berfungsi sebagai auxiliary dan diikuti oleh ordinarynya (verb utamanya)

               Contoh :

         You are to go now.

                  aux   ord         

      She must be able to do her homework.

                         aux       ord

    1. Complementation

    To infinitive berfungsi sebagai pelengkap kata kerja.

               Contoh :    I fail to see what you mean.

                               The man who is standing there appears to be a wise mean.

                                Tony promised to meet Susi in the post office.

               To infinitive digunakan di belakang kata kerja berikut:

                               Group A : VERB + TO INFINITIVE

    Hope Promise Seem ask arrange
    Plan Agree Appear expect beg
    Intend Offer Pretend would like care
    Decide Refuse Afford want claim
    Need Consent      

               Contoh:

    1. I hope to see you again soon.
    2. He promised to be here on time.
    3. She refused to admit her guilt.
    4. Budi Handuk decides to continue his study.
    1. Predication after Noun

    To infinitive berfungsi sebagai pelengkap object dan yang melakukan to infinitive adalah objectnya.

    To infinitive digunakan di belakang kata kerja dengan pola:

                 S + V + (pro)noun + to infinitive

     

                 Group B : VERB + ( PRO)NOUN + TO INFINITIVE

    tell someone invite someone require someone ask someone
    advise someone permit someone order someone expect someone
    encourage someone allow someone force someone would like someone
    remind someone warn someone Urge want someone
    Require Teach Warn need someone, etc.

    Contoh:

    1. The Captain ordered the members to stop playing football.
    2. Ahmad told me to be here at ten o’clock.
    3. The teacher permits the students to leave.
    4. They invite us to come to the party.
    5. They advise me to wait in the park.
    6. He prefers Fatimah to do the working.
    7. She ordered me to leave.
    8. I wanted them to help the poor.
    1. Adverb after Adjective

    ADJECTIVE + TO INFINITIVE

    Glad Proud determined shocked
    Happy Ashamed Careful stunned
    Pleased Ready Hesitant sorry
    Delighted Prepared Reluctant sad
    Content Anxious Afraid upset
    Relieved Eager surprised disappointed
    Lucky Willing Amused  
    Fortunate Motivated antonished  

    Contoh:

    1. We were sorry to hear the bad news.
    2. They are glad to meet you here.
    3. She is not ready to go
    1. Noun Modifier

    To infinitive berfungsi sebagai kata sifat (adjective). Dalam hal ini, to infinitive sering diartikan passive “untuk di …” dan active “untuk …”. To infinitive ini menggantikan posisinya adjective clause.

    Contoh:

    1. I have a few words to say.

               to be said.

                     Shinta has a few words which she can say.

                     (Shinta mempunyai beberapa kata untuk dia katakan)

    1. I have bought a book to read.

    to be read

                     I have bought a book which I can read.

                     (Saya telah membeli sebuah buku untuk dibaca)

    1. Sentence Modifier of result

    To infinitive berfungsi sebagai penjelas dari seluruh kalimat nominal     di depannya. Dalam hal ini to infinitive diartikan passive “untuk di …”

    Contoh:

    1. The panorama is beautiful enough to see.

                 The panorama is so beautiful that we can see it.

    1. The case which happens is light enough for him to carry.

                 The case is so light that he can carry it.

    1. He is too young to understand.
    2. He is so young that he can not understand.
    1. Sentence Modifier of Purpose

    To infinitive menjadi modifier dari seluruh kalimat di depannya dan yang melakukan to infinitive adalah subjectnya. Dalam hal ini to infinitive diartikan “agar/supaya dapat”.

    • Sentence modifier after verb (intransitive verb)
    • He works to get

        He works in order that he can get money.

    • To get money, he works.

        In order that he can get money, he works.

    • Sentence modifier after noun
    • He saves his money to buy a new dictionary.

    He saves his money in order that he can buy a new dictionary.

    • To increase her English skills, she studies English.

    In order that she can increase her English skills, she studies English.

    • Sentence modifier after adverb
    • I went to Elfast to study

    I went to Elfast in order that I could study English.

    • To get much money, my father works hard.

    In order that my father can get much money, my father works hard.

    1. Modifier of A Question Word/Conjuntion

    To infinitive berfungsi sebagai keterangan tanda tanya. To infinitive digunakan di belakang kata Tanya (question words/conjunction) berikut:

    when

    whoseWhere

    Whathow

    whichwhom

    Contoh:

    1. I don’t know what to do.

    I don’t know what I can/must do.

    1. Please tell me how to get to the bus station.

    Please tell me how I can get to the bus station.

    1. Bakri told us where to find

    Bakri told us where he could find it.

    1. Mrs. Nani doesn’t know how to maintain the computer.

    Mrs. Nani doesn’t know how Mrs. Nani can/must maintain the computer.

    1. Noun Modifier after “ the only, the next, the first, the fourth” and after any other Superlative Form

    To infinitive digunakan setelah: the only, the next, the first, the fourth” and after any other Superlative Form. Dalam hal ini to infinitive diartikan “yang …”.

    Contoh:

    1. He was the first man to work in this company.

    He was the first man who worked in this company.

    1. The cleverest student to have studied at Dandelion for 2 years is my friend.

    The cleverest student who has studied at Dandelion for 2 years is my friend.

    1. Gerund

    To infinitive bermakna sama dengan gerund yaitu menempati posisi noun tetapi masih berfungsi sebagai verb. To infinitive bisa bermakna sama dengan gerund yaitu bila to infinitive berada di posisi:

    1. Subject

    Contoh:

    To study English is our duty.

                     To swim makes us healthy.

    1. Subjective complement

    Contoh:

    My hobby is to swim in the river.

    Our duty is to study English.

    1. After certain verb
    Begin                      start                     hate

    prefer                     love                        (can’t) bear

    continue                   like                      (can’t) stand

     Contoh:

    The student starts to study English.

    Tina prefers to study English than (to) go to the movie.

    1. Bentuk Negative dari Infinitive

    Bentuk Negative dari suatu infinitive dapat dibentuk dengan menambahkan not di depan to.

    Contoh:

    1. He decided not to go to the movie.
    2. It is wrong not to help
    3. You are not to leave the room until he comes.
    4. I told him not to open the window.

    Notes:

    Not dalam infinitive tidak sama dengan not dalam kalimat negative. Perhatikan berikut:

    1. Not dalam kalimat negative

    Contoh:

    1. It is not better to go.

    (Pergi tidak berarti lebih baik)

    1. Do not tell him to come.

    (Jangan menyuruh dia datang)

    1. She didn’t ask me to wait.

    (Dia tidak menyuruh saya menunggu)

    1. Not dalam infinitive

    Contoh:

    1. It is better not to go.

    (Lebih baik tidak pergi)

    1. Tell him not to come.

    (Suruh dia jangan datang)

    1. He asked me not to wait.

    (Dia menyuruh saya jangan menunggu)

    1. Bentuk Continuous Infinitive

    Ada dua macam bentuk continuous infinitive yaitu:

    1. Present continuous ( … to be + V ing …)
    2. Perfect continuous ( … to have + been + V ing …)
    1. Present continuous infinitive

    Bentuk dari present continuous infinitive menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian atau peristiwa atau perbuatan telah terjadi dan masih berlangsung terus.

    Contoh:

    1. She seems to be recovering.

    (Kelihatannya dia sedang dalam keadaan sembuh kembali)

    1. They are likely to be waiting for us at the station.

    (Mereka rupanya sedang menunggu kita di stasiun)

    1. He seems to be dreaming.

    (Dia kelihatannya sedang bermimpi)

    1. Perfect continuous infinitive

    Bentuk Perfect continuous infinitive menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian atau peristiwa atau perbuatan sudah selesai dilakukan.

    Contoh:

    1. They are said to have been studying English in London.

    (Katanya mereka pernah mempelajari bahasa Inggris di London)

    1. She suspected us to have been quarelling.

    (Dia menduga bahwa telah terjadi pertengkaran di antara kita)

    1. The students are so happy to have been studying at SDN 2

    (Para siswa sangat gembira bahwa kami telah pernah belajar di SDN 2)

    1. Bentuk Perfect Infinitive

    Bentuk ini menunjukkan bahwa peristiwa atau perbuatan yang dinyatakan oleh infinitive terjadi atau dilakukan lebih awal daripada peristiwa atau perbuatan yang dinyatakan oleh finite verb.

                            ( …. To have + V3 … )

         Contoh:

    1. Mira feels so sorry to have made you bored.

    (Saya menyesal sekali talah membuat kamu bosan)

    1. The case was reported to have fixed.

    (Permasalahan itu dilaporkan telah selesai)

    1. She seemed to have heard about it.

    (Dia kelihatanya sudah mendengar tentang hal itu)

    1. The Passive Infinitive

    Ada dua bentuk passive infinitive yang sahabat harus ketahui, yaitu:

    1. Simple ( … to be + V3 … )

    to be written

    to be asked   etc.

    1. Perfect ( … to have + been + V3 … )

                     to have been written

                     to have been tried   etc.

         Contoh:

    1. Marlina doesn’t see that on Tuesday there is anything to be informed.

    (Marlina kira sudah tidak ada suatu hal yang akan diinformasikan lagi pada hari selasa)

    1. He ought to be punished for being rude.

    (Dia harus dihukum atas kekasarannya)

    1. The Novel book is said to have been read by 1 million people

    (Buku novel ini katanya sudah dibaca oleh 1 juta orang)

    1. This work ought to have been finished when the supervisor came.

    (Pekerjaan ini mestinya sudah diselesaikan ketika supervisor datang)

    INFINITIVE TANPA TO (BARE INFINITIVE)

    1. Digunakan setelah modal auxiliary.

    Contoh:

    1. I can go with you.
    2. She must come here again.
    3. We will learn English.
    1. Digunakan setelah kata kerja (verb) tertentu seperti:
    see : melihat bid : suruh
    hear : mendengar let : marilah, biarlah
    make : membuat please : silakan
    feel : merasa need not : tidak perlu
    watch : jaga dare not : tidak berani
    know : tahu behold : melihat
    observe : mengamati find : menemukan
    catch : menangkap keep : menjaga
    etc.

    Kata-kata kerja ini hanya menghilangkan satu To.

    Misalnya:     I saw him come to learn.

    • Setelah “saw” terdapat come, maka “come” tidak boleh memakai to, tetapi jika setelah come tidak ada lagi kata kerja, maka harus memakai to (lihat: to learn).

                Contoh:

    1. You must let him go out. bukan to go out
    2. I know her learn from you. bukan to learn from you
    3. Let us come there.
    4. I dare not stay here.
    5. I need not tell you about it.
    1. Setelah kata:
    need not                       dare not (tidak berani)          would rather (lebih suka)

     Contoh:

    1. You need not say anything to her.
    2. I dare not open the box.
    3. You had better take a taxi.
    1. Dalam “that clause”, setelah kata kerja menyatakan saran, nasihat, atau usulan.

    Contoh:

    She proposes that Rina see the doctor seen. (bukan to see)

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