SekolahBahasaInggris.com

Tag: clause

  • 101 Tips Menguasai Materi Adjective, Adverbial,Noun Clause

    101 Tips Menguasai Materi Adjective, Adverbial,Noun Clause

     101 Tips Menguasai Materi Adjective, Adverbial, Noun Clause

    www.sekolahbahasainggris.com– Materi Adjective/Relative Clause terkadang bagi beberapa orang merupakan materi yang sulit. Apalagi jika ditambah dengan Adverbial Clause dan juga Noun Clause yang sama-sama membuat pusing kepala.

    101 Tips Menguasai Materi Adjective, Adverbial,Noun Clause
    101 Tips Menguasai Materi Adjective, Adverbial,Noun Clause

     Lalu bagaimana membedakan ketiganya? Dan tips ajib bagaimnakah agar kita menguasai ketiga materi tesebut? Disini kalian akan dapat mengetahuinya segera bagaimana menguasai materi clause dalam pelajaran bahasa Inggris.

    Lihat Tabel berikut:

    POLA REDUCING OMITTING ABRIDGEMENT
    ADJ. CLAUSE * *
    NOUN CLAUSE * *
    ADV. CLAUSE * *

    JADI : Adjective clause : R O , Noun clause : A O , Adverbial clause : R A

    Reducing: menghilangkan dan mengganti

    Reducing merupakan teknik menghilangkan atau mengganti dari adjective clause agar grammar writing kita terlihat lebih advance. Orang-orang yang sudah memahami materi ini teknik writing nya terlihat natura, advance dan tidak kaku.

    Adapun 2 hal yang perlu diperhatikan:

    1. REDUCING DARI ADJECTIVE CLAUSE : Ving , V3, To infinitive ( no. 5 (RPO) dan 9 (RPS) )

    2. Form reducing adj. clause in RPS

    verbal Nominal
    Active Vt/in passive
    1. present
    		 Ving V3 (omitting) complement
    1. past
    Pr. Cont Being + V3
    Ps. Cont
    Pr. Perfect Having + V3 Having + been + V3 Having + been + SC
    Ps. Perfect
    Pr. Perf. cont Having + been + Ving
    Ps. Perf.cont
    • AS NOUN MODIFIER (REDUCINGAN DARI ADJECTIVE CLAUSE DALAM RPO) menghasilkan to infinitive

    Meaningnya akan menjadi passive dan setelah to infinitive tidak diikuti object.

    I need some food which I can eat.I need some food to eat.

    (saya butuh makanan untuk dimakan)

    • AS NOUN MODIFIER AFTER SUPERLATIVE DEGREE, THE + ORDINAl number,THE NEXT, THE ONLY

    Merupakan reducingan dari adjective clause di RPS

    To infinitive bermakna “yang”

    e.g. He was the first man who loved me.

    => He was the first man to love me.

    He is the cleverest student who has studied here.

    =>He is the cleverest student to have studied here.

    He is the only one who knows the case.

    =>He is the only one to know the case.

     REDUCING DARI ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

    • ( VING/ V3 , S + V )

    Syarat : subject di main caluse dan sub clause harus sama.

    Concepts Meaning Events
    Berpotongan Ketika
    Berurutan ( cause and effect )

    KarenaBerurutan ) tanpa cause and effect )Setelah BersamaanSambil

    • FORM : S + V ( O ) + VING
    Concepts Meaning Events
    Berpotongan Ketika
    Berurutan ( degn atau tanpa cause and effect )

    Kemudian / sebelum

    Form : s + v + (o) , VIng /v3BersamaanSambil

    Reducing dari adjective clause

    1. The man who is talking to John is my friend > the man talking to John is my friend.
    2. The man who runs in the corner is my brother > the man sitting in the corner is my brother.
    3. The ideas which are presented are interesting > the ideas presented are interesting.
    4. The topics which are being talked are hot news > the topics being talked are hot news.


    REDUCING ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

    BERPOTONGAN

    1. While the students were walking down the street, they saw beautiful architecture.

    Walking down the street, they saw beautiful architecture. (memiliki arti KETIKA)

    1. They saw beautiful architecture while they was walking down the street.

    They saw beautiful architecture walking down the street.(memiliki arti KETIKA)

    BERSAMAAN

    1. While she was watching TV, she was eating breakfast.

    Watching TV, she was eating lunch.(memiliki artiSAMBIL)

    1. She was watching TV while she was eating breakfast.

    She was watching TV eating lunch.(SAMBIL)

    BERURUTAN

    • SIMPLE VS SIMPLE

    When Budi finished his homework, Budi went home.

    Budi went home when Budi finished his homework.

    Finishing his homework, Budi went home (setelah)

    Before Budi finished his homework, Budi went home

    Budi went home before Budi finished his homework.

    Budi went home, finishing his homework. ( kemudian/sebelum)

    Note :

    Kalau reducingan di awal akan menjadi kejadian pertama.

    Kalau reducingan di akhir akan menjadi kejadian kedua.

    • PERFECT VS SIMPLE

    When/after I had finished my work, I went home

    I went home when/after I had finished my work.

    I went home, having finished my work (kemudian)

    Having finished my work, I went home. (setelah)

    Note : keajaddian pertama diatndai dengan tenses perfect.

    Note : kalau hasil reducingan AVC berada di awal maka akan bermakna “setelah” tapi kalau berada di akahir akan bermakna “kemudian/sebelum”

    REDUCING DARI AVC CAUSE AND EFFECT

    1. Simple vs simple ( because, since, as)

    (active)   Because I felt tired, I took a rest. > feeling tired, I took a rest

    (passive) because she was visited by him, she was glad

                     Visited by him, she was glad.

    (nominal) because she was sick, she was absent.

                            Being sick, she was absent.

    CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

    Bisa semua type

    1. If he were given money, he would do anything.

    Given money, he would do anything.

    PURPOSE ( HASILNYA BERUPA TO INFINITIVE)

    1. He saves his money in order that he can buy new bicycle.

    He saves money to buy new bicycle.

    RESULT

    1. I am so weak that I can not lift that box.

    I am too weak to lift that box.

    1. I am so strong that I can lift that box.

    I am strong enough to lift that box.

    1. Omitting : menghilangkan conjunction dan” be” ketika nominal
    2. form omitting adj clause in RPO
    nominal
    1. present / past
    		 Syarat : adj /noun yg pnya bound
    Pr. Cont / ps. Cont
    Verbal All tenses
    1. Noun clause : all tenses

                            E.g. I think that you are kind. I think you kind.

    OMITTING

    ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

    VERBAL ( RPO )

    1. I saw a handsome boy whom I love

    I saw a handsome boy I love

    1. The movie that we saw was wonderful

    The movie we saw was wonderful

    1. He is the man about whom I told you last night.

    He is the man I told you about last night.

    1. The house where he lives is so old.

    The house he lives is so old.

    1. The house in which he lives is so old.

    The house he lives in is so old.

    1. I will never forget the day when I met you.

    I will never forget the day I met you.

    1. She will never forget the day on which Doni met her.

    She will forget the day Doni met her.

    NOMINAL ( RPS)

    1. Ann is the woman who is responsible the budget.

    > Ann is the woman responsible the budget.

    1. The books that are on the table are min.

    > the books on the table are mine.

    NOUN CLAUSE

    1. I think that he is teacher.

    I think he is teacher.

    1. That students do not understand about physic is obvious.

    Note : jika noun clause mengambil posisi subject ‘conjunction” tidak bias di omitting.

    1. Everybody knows that the world is round.

    Everybody knows the world is round.

     

    ABRIDGEMENT

    ABRIDGEMENT : process penyingkatan kalimat tapi masih menyisakan conjunction.

    1. AVC OF TIME

    When you are here, you must obey my rule.

    When here, you must obey my rule

    1. AVC OF PLACE

    I can sleep whenever I stay.

    I can sleep whenever I

    1. AVC OF CONTRAST

    Although he was sick, he went to study

    Although sick, he went to study

    1. AVC OF MANNER

    He teaches me English as if he were teacher.

    He teaches me English as if teacher.

    1. AVC OF CAUSE AND EFFECT

    Since he was sick, she looked thin.

    Since sick, she looked thin.

    1. AVC OF CONDITION

    If he were given money, he would do anything.

    If given money, he would do anything.

    1. AVC OF COMPARISON

    you are as handsome as my father (is)

    1. NOUN CLAUSE

    I don’t know what I must do.

    I don’t know what to do.

    Semoga Bermanfaat Para Pembaca SBI!!!!

     

    Related Posts:

     1000 Contoh, Pengertian,dan Rumus Mudah Past Continuous Tense

    Apa Yang Dimaksud Dengan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)??

  • 101 Adjective Clause Exercise

    101 Adjective Clause Exercise

    101 Adjective Clause Exercise

    www.sekolahbahasainggris.com- Apa sih yang dimaksud dengan adjective clause? Bagaimana belajar materinya dengan ajib dan mudah?[Baca:Apa Yang Dimaksud Dengan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)??]

    101 Adjective Clause Exercise
    101 Adjective Clause Exercise

    Dan berikut ini latihan tentang Adjective Clause dan Noun Clause:

    Identify the independent clause as an adjective clause or noun clause.

    1. Anderson knows who told you the news.
    2. All the men who attended the class were doctors.
    3. I enjoyed the novel which you lent to me last week.
    4. I can’t remember what you told me about it.
    5. Do you remember the man who is walking with Mr. Brown?
    6. We did not know who had suggested that plan to them
    7. I do not know the fellow that you mentioned last night.
    8. I gave Martha the letters the letters that I wanted her to mail.
    9. The postcard they sent us had been mailed early last week.
    10. Have you seen the pictures Bill took several days ago?
    11. Kent’s secretary said he had already left for Chicago.
    12. The part of the lesson that’s most difficult for me is this one.
    13. It’s true that the gorilla will fight, but only in life-treathening situations.
    14. It was Tom who broke the window.
    15. It was a supernova that produced the famous Crab nebula.

    ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

    Complete all the sentences below with the correct relative pronoun or relative adverb.

                I don’t know if the agency (1) ………… sent you told about this job. We are the kind of firm (2) …………deals with important people, (3)…………… means that anyone (4)…………… we employ must be exceptional. That is the reason (5) ………… we asked the agency to send us the best girl (6) …………….they had. The girl  (7) ………….. we are looking for is someone (8) ……………. not only knows shorthand and typing but (9) ……………manners and dress sense are perfect. The office (10) ………….. she will work is next to Mr. Barker’s, any question?

                Yes. Will the man (11)……………… I work for be as well-mannered and well-dressed as I am?

     

    Semoga Bermanfaat Para Pembaca SBI!!!!

     

    Related Posts:

     1000 Contoh, Pengertian,dan Rumus Mudah Past Continuous Tense

    1000 Tips Belajar Grammar Bahasa Inggris Mudah dan Cepat!

  • Apa Yang Dimaksud Dengan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)??

    Apa Yang Dimaksud Dengan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)??

    Apa Yang Dimaksud Dengan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)??

    www.sekolahbahasainggris.com- Apa sih yang dimaksud dengan adjective clause? Pertanyaan ini sering kali muncul dalam materi grammar baik tentang pengertian adjective clause ataupun kegunaannya.

    Apa Yang Dimaksud Dengan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)??
    Apa Yang Dimaksud Dengan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)??

    Adjective clause adalah anak kalimat yang berupa klausa yang berfungsi untuk menjelaskan kata benda (person, things) yang ada di depannya. Kegunaannya untuk mendeskripsikan benda tersebut, mengidentifikasikan benda tersebut, maupun memberikan informasi yang lebih rinci atau detail tentang kata benda baik (subject, object, ataupun di adverb-nya).

    Dalam adjective clause atau sering disebut Relative Clause, kita akan mengenal induk kalimat dan anak kalimat, yakni:

    • Main clause (independent clause) =Induk Kalimat

    adalah sebuah klausa kalimat yang merupakan klausa utama yang akan dijelaskan oleh sub clause (anak kalimat).

    -pola: Subject dan Verb

    • Sub clause (dependent clause) adalah kalimat yang memiliki pronoun atau frase yang menunjuk pada main noun induk kalimat (main clause)

    Bentuk conjuction yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan sub clause dengan main clause:

    1. Relative Pronoun – anak kalimat

    Pronoun :
    1. Subject
    2. Object
    3. Possessive adj.
    Iyouwe

    they

    he

    she

    it

    		 Meyouus

    them

    him

    her

    it

    		 my …your …our …

    their …

    his …

    her …

    its …
    Conjunction :     who (person)which (non person)that (all) who /whom (person)which (non person)that (all) whose … (all)of which (non person) 

    its …Conjunction :     who (person)

    which (non person)

    that (all)who /whom (person)

    which (non person)

    that (all)whose … (all)

    of which (non person)

     

    • Relative adverb (Kalimat Penjelas Untuk Keterangan)

    when = time

    where = place

    • Bentuk-bentuk relative Pronun:

    1. RELATIVE PRONOUN FOR SUBJECT (who, which, that)

    Contoh :

    • I gave the woman a flower : an independent clause

                  She helped me                                     : an adjective clause

                  I gave the woman who helped me a flower

                                   that

    • The phone is mine : an independent clause

              It is on the table             : an adjective clause

              The phone which is on the table is mine

    1. RELATIVE PRONOUN OBJECT (whom, which, that)=Pronoun yang berfungsi sebagai object of verb
    • The man was Mr. Tri (MC)

                  I saw him on the street            (SC)

    →    The man   who (m)   I saw on the street was Mr. Tri

           The man     that        I saw on the street was Mr. Tri

           The man       Ø           I saw on the street was Mr. Tri

    Notes :

    “Whom” Tahukah anda :umumnya digunakan hanya pada bahasa Inggris yang formal saja atau dalam writing. Sedangkan dalam percakapan, “whom” bisa ditulis atau diganti dengan “who” walaupun berposisi sebagai objek dalam kalimat.

    1. RELATIVE POSSESSIVE/ Kepemilikan (whose, of which)

    “Whose” digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kepemilikan person/benda dalam sebuah kaliamat, yang memiliki arti yang sama dengan possessive adjective (his, her, its, their) yang.

         Misal:    His bicycle             →       whose bicycle

                          Her flower              →       whose flower

              Letak “whose + noun” adalah di awal adjective clause serta tidak bisa diomit (dihilangkan).

    • I know the woman (MC)

                Her bike was stolen       (SC)

         →    I know the woman whose bike was stolen.

    • The student present the paper (MC)

                  I read their paper             (SC)

    →    The student whose paper I read present the paper.

    “Noun + of which” digunakan pada adjective clause yang menjelaskan benda:

     We have a broken mirror             (MC)

      The top of it has gold curves                     (SC)

         →    We have broken mirror, the top of which has gold curves.

    1. RELATIVE ADVERB (where, when)-Where

    Where digunakan untuk menjelaskan tempat (seperti city, country, house, etc.) dalam adjective clause.

    • The apartment is modern (MC)

                     She lives there (in that apartment)       (SC)

    →              The apartment    where         she lives       is modern.

                       The apartment   in which      she lives       is modern.

                       The apartment   which          she lives in  is modern.

                       The apartment     that           she lives in  is modern.

                        The apartment     Ø             she lives in  is modern.

    Notes :

    -Jika menggunakan “where” =tidak boleh disertai preposisi seperti “in”,”at”,on”

    – tetapi jika tidak menggunakan “where” (jika menggunakan which) maka preposisi harus disertakan.

    -“In which” memiliki arti yang sama “where”.

    1. When

    When digunakan untuk menjelaskan waktu (year, day, etc.) didalam adjective clause.

    • Kalimat pertama: I celebrated my birthday on march 30th.
    • Kalimat kedua: I met you then (on that date)

         →

    I celebrate my birthday on the date/ march 30th     when     I met you

    I celebrate my birthday on the date/ march 30th   on which     I met you

    I celebrate my birthday on the date/ march 30th            I met you

    I celebrate my birthday on the date/ march 30th       Ø   I met you

    1. RELATIVE STATEMENT (why)

    “Why” (menunjukkan alasan) yang dikemukakan oleh si pembicara dari kaliamt ke 1 dan kalimat ke 2. Dan dapat diganti dengan “that” atau dapat juga dihilangkan dalam kalimat.

    Kalimat Pertama: I am hungry

    Kalimat Kedua: I have not eaten yet

    • The reason   why I am hungry because I have not eaten yet

         The reason     Ø       I am hungry because I have not eaten yet

    Semoga Bermanfaat Para Pembaca SBI!!!!

     

    Related Posts:

     1000 Contoh, Pengertian,dan Rumus Mudah Past Continuous Tense

    1000 Tips Belajar Grammar Bahasa Inggris Mudah dan Cepat!

  • Penjelasan Independent and Dependent Clauses Terbaru 2015

    Penjelasan Independent and Dependent Clauses Terbaru 2015

    Penjelasan Independent and Dependent Clauses Terbaru 2015

    Sekolah Bahasa Inggris – Clause adalah pengelompokan kata-kata dalam bahasa Inggris yang mengandung subjek dan kata kerja. Clause adalah blok bangunan dari sebuah kalimat. Clausa dibagi menjadi dua jenis: independent dan dependent. Hal ini penting untuk tujuan pembentukan kalimat untuk dapat mengenali mana independent clause dan dependent clause.

    Independent Clause

    Independent clause adalah sekelompok kata-kata yang mengandung subjek dan kata kerja.  Independen clause adalah kalimat. Independent clause adalah klausa yang mengekspresikan pemikiran yang lengkap. Mereka dapat berfungsi sebagai kalimat. Ini adalah klausa yang dapat berfungsi sendiri. Mereka tidak perlu bergabung dengan kalimat lain, karena mengandung semua informasi yang diperlukan untuk menjadi kalimat lengkap.

    Ada tiga ciri-ciri atau komponen yang dimiliki that Independent clauses:

    1. A subject- Memberikan informasi atas apa yang kalimat itu bicarakan.
    2. An action atau predicate- Memberikan informasi atas apa yang subjek lakukan.
    3. Menyatakan ide yang lengkap- Memberikan atas apa yang terjadi dalam kalimat.

    For example: ‘Dedi buy some food termasuk independent clause, and if you end it with a full stop, it becomes a sentence.

    Dependent Clause

    Dependent clause adalah sekelompok kata-kata yang mengandung subjek dan kata kerja. Dependent clause tidak bisa disebut kalimat. Mereka tidak mengungkapkan pikiran yang lengkap, dan dengan demikian tidak bisa berfungsi sebagai kalimat. Mereka biasanya ditandai dengan kata-kata penanda dependant. Ini adalah kata yang ditambahkan ke awal independent clause yang membuatnya menjadi dpendent clause. Bisa disebut Dependent clause” karena adanya:

    1. Kata penanda dependant (because, after, before, since, in order to, although, though, whenever, wherever, whether, while, even though, even if, etc.)
    2. Conjunction atau kata penghubung (but, and, or, nor, yet, etc.)

    Perbedaan Induk Kalimat dengan anak kalimat

    For example: ‘When Dedi buy some food’ tidak bisa disebut kalimat karena tidak mempunya ide yang lengkap. What happened when Budi went to the market? Disini ‘when’ berfungsi sebagai ‘dependent marker word atau kata penanda dependant’.Oleh karena itu Dependent clauses harus digabungkan dengan independent clauses untuk membentuk kalimat yang utuh.

     For example: ‘When ‘Dedi buy some food, Mulyadi stole the money ‘ Ini adalah contoh kalimat yang lengkap.